About Fritt Ord – History
History
Narvesen kioskNarvesens Kioskkompani (the Narvesen Kiosk Company) was Norway’s only distribution channel for newspapers and journals in the years immediately after World War II. The impressions left by the Occupation were still vivid in the minds of the Norwegian people. Political regimentation and the prohibition against all free speech had been daily reminders that a democracy cannot survive without freedom of expression, i.e. without free speech. This freedom required not only that everyone could write and say what they pleased, but also that contributions to the social debate actually reached the people.
The management of the kiosk company subsequently decided to try to safeguard the open distribution of publications on a permanent basis. Freedom of expression needed to be better protected. The company needed an independent, long-term owner. The company's then managing director, Jens Henrik Nordlie, wanted to convert the enterprise into a public utility institution. Since there was no legal precedent for so doing, he got the shareholders to pledge that they were willing to sell their shares and the shares were transferred to a not-for-profit public utility foundation.
The Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo, was established on 7 June 1974 by Nordlie, Supreme Court Advocate Jens Christian Hauge and Narvesen's Deputy Executive Director Finn Skedsmo. The transfer of the shares took place on 1 January 1975. On the same date, the Narvesen company merged with Norsk Spisevognselskap, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Norwegian State Railways (NSB). The Freedom of Expression Foundation held 59 per cent and NSB 41 per cent of the share capital in the merged company, which was subsequently named Narvesen. From the very beginning, the Freedom of Expression Foundation's activities were linked to initiatives such as supporting the newly established Norwegian Institute of Journalism, a grant programme designed to stimulate the exploration of issues related to freedom of expression and, not least, the Freedom of Expression Foundation Prize. As funding increased, the institution was able to support a number of individual measures within its sphere of activity.
NSB sold its equity in the company in 1995. Since the shares received broader distribution, Narvesen was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. By that time, there were far more players and channels in the area of distribution. Means of communication such as the Internet had opened up new opportunities for expression and distribution. Meanwhile, the multi-cultural media society has raised new questions about the conditions for freedom of expression. The Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo, eventually found it advisable to perform its work on the basis of its not-for-profit objects clause rather than maintaining close ties to Narvesen.
In 1999, the Freedom of Expression Foundation reduced its stake in Narvesen from 51 per cent to 34 per cent. In the autumn of 2000, the foundation accepted a proposal for a merger between Narvesen and the Reitan Group, leaving it with a 16.2 per cent stake in the merged company ReitanNarvesen. That stake was sold in November 2001, severing the old connection between Narvesen and the Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo.
Supreme Court Justice Georg Fr. Rieber-Mohn has chaired the Freedom of Expression Foundation's Board of Trustees since June 2011. Erik Rudeng has been executive director since 2000. That same year, the Freedom of Expression Foundation began to build up an administration and bought premises at Uranienborgveien 2 for offices and meeting rooms.
Article on Fritt Ord in the magazine Journalisten 17/2013: "Ridderne av det frie ord" - by Leif Gjerstad and Kathrine Geard (in Norwegian)
Kurer radio programme on NRK December 21, 2013: Om Stiftelsen Fritt Ord og hva den har betydd for norsk journalistikk og kultur (in Norwegian)
History
Narvesen kioskNarvesens Kioskkompani (the Narvesen Kiosk Company) was Norway’s only distribution channel for newspapers and journals in the years immediately after World War II. The impressions left by the Occupation were still vivid in the minds of the Norwegian people. Political regimentation and the prohibition against all free speech had been daily reminders that a democracy cannot survive without freedom of expression, i.e. without free speech. This freedom required not only that everyone could write and say what they pleased, but also that contributions to the social debate actually reached the people.
The management of the kiosk company subsequently decided to try to safeguard the open distribution of publications on a permanent basis. Freedom of expression needed to be better protected. The company needed an independent, long-term owner. The company's then managing director, Jens Henrik Nordlie, wanted to convert the enterprise into a public utility institution. Since there was no legal precedent for so doing, he got the shareholders to pledge that they were willing to sell their shares and the shares were transferred to a not-for-profit public utility foundation.
The Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo, was established on 7 June 1974 by Nordlie, Supreme Court Advocate Jens Christian Hauge and Narvesen's Deputy Executive Director Finn Skedsmo. The transfer of the shares took place on 1 January 1975. On the same date, the Narvesen company merged with Norsk Spisevognselskap, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Norwegian State Railways (NSB). The Freedom of Expression Foundation held 59 per cent and NSB 41 per cent of the share capital in the merged company, which was subsequently named Narvesen. From the very beginning, the Freedom of Expression Foundation's activities were linked to initiatives such as supporting the newly established Norwegian Institute of Journalism, a grant programme designed to stimulate the exploration of issues related to freedom of expression and, not least, the Freedom of Expression Foundation Prize. As funding increased, the institution was able to support a number of individual measures within its sphere of activity.
NSB sold its equity in the company in 1995. Since the shares received broader distribution, Narvesen was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. By that time, there were far more players and channels in the area of distribution. Means of communication such as the Internet had opened up new opportunities for expression and distribution. Meanwhile, the multi-cultural media society has raised new questions about the conditions for freedom of expression. The Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo, eventually found it advisable to perform its work on the basis of its not-for-profit objects clause rather than maintaining close ties to Narvesen.
In 1999, the Freedom of Expression Foundation reduced its stake in Narvesen from 51 per cent to 34 per cent. In the autumn of 2000, the foundation accepted a proposal for a merger between Narvesen and the Reitan Group, leaving it with a 16.2 per cent stake in the merged company ReitanNarvesen. That stake was sold in November 2001, severing the old connection between Narvesen and the Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo.
Supreme Court Justice Georg Fr. Rieber-Mohn has chaired the Freedom of Expression Foundation's Board of Trustees since June 2011. Erik Rudeng has been executive director since 2000. That same year, the Freedom of Expression Foundation began to build up an administration and bought premises at Uranienborgveien 2 for offices and meeting rooms.
Article on Fritt Ord in the magazine Journalisten 17/2013: "Ridderne av det frie ord" - by Leif Gjerstad and Kathrine Geard (in Norwegian)
Kurer radio programme on NRK December 21, 2013: Om Stiftelsen Fritt Ord og hva den har betydd for norsk journalistikk og kultur (in Norwegian)
Narvesen kiosk
About Fritt Ord